| 1543 | Nicolaus Copernicus publishes proof of a sun-centered solar system. He dies just after publication. | |
| 1607 | Captain Christopher Newport and 105 followers found the colony of Jamestown at the mouth of the James River on the coast of Virginia. | |
| 1610 | Sir Thomas Gates institutes "laws divine moral and marshal, " a harsh civil code for Jamestown. | |
| 1624 | After years of unprofitable operation, Virginia's charter is revoked and it becomes a royal colony. | |
| 1689 | English Parliament passes the Act of Toleration, protecting Protestants. Roman Catholics are specifically excluded from exemption. | |
| 1738 | The Methodist Church is established. | |
| 1764 | Boston lawyer James Otis denounces "taxation without representation," calling for the colonies to unite in opposition to Britain's new tax measures. | |
| 1798 | Believing that a French invasion of Ireland is imminent, Irish nationalists rise up against the British occupation. | |
| 1844 | Samuel Morse taps out the first telegraph message. | |
| 1846 | General Zachary Taylor captures Monterey. | |
| 1861 | General Benjamin Butler declares slaves to be the contraband of war. | |
| 1863 | Bushwackers led by Captain William Marchbanks attack a Federal militia party in Nevada, Missouri. | |
| 1878 | The first American bicycle race is held in Boston. | |
| 1930 | Amy Johnson becomes the first woman to fly from England to Australia. | |
| 1941 | The British battleship Hood is sunk by the German battleship Bismarck. There are only three survivors. | |
| 1951 | Willie Mays begins playing for the New York Giants. | |
| 1961 | Civil rights activists are arrested in Jackson, Mississippi. |
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