| 1246 | Henry Raspe is elected anti-king by the Rhenish prelates in France. | |
| 1455 | King Henry VI is taken prisoner by the Yorkists at the Battle of St. Albans, during the War of the Roses. | |
| 1804 | The Lewis and Clark Expedition officially begins as the Corps of Discovery departs from St. Charles, Missouri. | |
| 1856 | U.S. Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina beats Senator Charles Sumner with a cane for Sumner's earlier condemnation of slavery, which included an insult to Brooks' cousin, Senator Andrew Butler. | |
| 1863 | Union General Ulysses S. Grant's second attack on Vicksburg fails and a siege begins. | |
| 1868 | The "Great Train Robbery" takes place as seven members of the Reno Gang make off with $98,000 in cash from a train's safe in Indiana. | |
| 1872 | The Amnesty Act restores civil rights to Southerners. | |
| 1882 | The United States formally recognizes Korea. | |
| 1908 | The Wright brothers register their flying machine for a U.S. patent. | |
| 1939 | Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini sign a "Pact of Steel" forming the Axis powers. | |
| 1947 | The Truman Doctrine brings aid to Turkey and Greece. | |
| 1967 | The children's program Mister Rogers' Neighborhood premiers. | |
| 1972 | Ceylon becomes the Republic of Sri Lanka as its constitution is ratified. | |
| 1985 | Baseball player Pete Rose passes Hank Aaron as National League run scoring leader with 2,108. | |
| 1987 | An Iraqi missile hits the American frigate USS Stark in the Persian Gulf. | |
| 1990 | In the Middle East, North and South Yemen merge to become a single state. |
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