AUGUST 13
1961:East Germany erects a barbed wire fence to seal off the border
between East and West Berlin. Postal and telephone communication is also
halted, and the construction of the concrete Berlin Wall, which will
stand until November 1989, will begin several days later.
1521: Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his troops
capture the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán after an 80-day siege. Cortés
becomes the ruler of a vast empire in what is now present-day Mexico.
1831: Nat Turner sees a second solar eclipse and interprets it
as a celestial sign that he should lead a violent rebellion against
white slaveholders in Southampton, Va. Turner's uprising begins a week
later and kills more than 55 whites; far more blacks die in retaliation
for the rebellion.
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