July 23
| 1540 | Thomas Cromwell is beheaded on Tower Hill in England. | |
| 1627 | Sir George Calvert arrives in Newfoundland to develop his land grant. | |
| 1637 | King Charles of England hands over the American colony of Massachusetts to Sir Fernando Gorges, one of the founders of the Council of New England. | |
| 1664 | Wealthy, non-church members in Massachusetts are given the right to vote. | |
| 1793 | The French garrison at Mainz, Germany, falls to the Prussians. | |
| 1803 | Irish patriots throughout the country rebel against Union with Great Britain. | |
| 1829 | William A. Burt patents his "typographer," an early typewriter. | |
| 1849 | German rebels in Baden capitulate to the Prussians. | |
| 1863 | Bill Andeson and his Confederate Bushwackers gut the railway station at Renick, Missouri. | |
| 1865 | William Booth founds the Salvation Army. | |
| 1868 | The 14th Amendment is ratified, granting citizenship to African Americans. | |
| 1885 | Ulysses S. Grant dies of throat cancer at the age of 63. | |
| 1894 | Japanese troops take over the Korean imperial palace. | |
| 1903 | The Ford Motor Company sells its first automobile, the Model A. | |
| 1944 | Soviet troops take Lublin, Poland as the German army retreats. | |
| 1962 | The Geneva Conference on Laos forbids the United States to invade eastern Laos. | |
| 1995 | Two astronomers, Alan Hale in New Mexico and Thomas Bopp in Arizona, almost simultaneouly discover a comet. |
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