October 12
| 1492 | Christopher Columbus and his crew land in the Bahamas. | |
| 1576 | Rudolf II, the king of Hungary and Bohemia, succeeds his father, Maximillian II, as Holy Roman Emperor. | |
| 1609 | The song "Three Blind Mice" is published in London, believed to be the earliest printed secular song. | |
| 1702 | Admiral Sir George Rooke defeats the French fleet off Vigo. | |
| 1722 | Shah Sultan Husayn surrenders the Persian capital of Isfahan to Afgan rebels after a seven month siege. | |
| 1809 | Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark expedition, dies under mysterious circumstances in Tennessee. | |
| 1899 | The Anglo-Boer War begins. | |
| 1872 | Apache leader Cochise signs a peace treaty with General Howard in Arizona Territory. | |
| 1933 | Alcatraz Island is made a federal maximum security prison. | |
| 1943 | The U.S. Fifth Army begins an assault crossing of the Volturno River in Italy. | |
| 1949 | Eugenie Anderson becomes the first woman U.S. ambassador. | |
| 1970 | President Richard Nixon announces the pullout of 40,000 more American troops in Vietnam by Christmas. | |
| 1971 | The House of Representatives passes the Equal Rights Amendment 354-23. |
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